Soil

fertility Soil fertility is the capacity of a soil to sustain plant growth. It is a measure of the health and productivity of the soil, based on the presence of essential elements, soil structure, soil pH, and levels of organic matter. A fertile soil is capable of supplying nutrients and other elements necessary for plant growth. Proper soil fertility management is essential to maintain high agricultural productivity in order to meet the increasing global food demand. Improving soil fertility helps to conserve and improve soil quality, preserve biodiversity and healthy ecosystems, and reduce the risks of hazardous chemicals and fertilizers leaching into groundwater. Proper soil fertility is also essential for reducing risks of soil erosion and improving soil water holding capacity. Appropriate soil fertility management will also help to reduce costs related to fertilization, pest and disease management, and soil conservation.