All Articles

Compliance to Company Based Colorectal Cancer Screening in Germany using Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) - Results of Almost Half a Million FIT Tests

Abstract:

Despite the existence of the statutory early cancer detection program in Germany and the removal of financial barriers, which is frequently reported in the literature to be the main obstacle in screening, uptake of colorectal cancer screening remains quite low. The campaign for colorectal cancer screening in German companies reported in this article started in 2010. It was initiated because of the low compliance with opportunistic public colorectal cancer screening efforts. Its goal is to improve participation by offering an organized screening program using a simple test (FIT).

Psychosocial Predictors of Sexual Abstinence among Senior Secondary School Students in an Urban Setting in the Southwest Region of Cameroon

Abstract:

In the absence of a cure for HIV and AIDS, prevention remains the most effective strategy to eliminate the pandemic. Abstinence from sexual intercourse is, therefore, the primary prevention weapon among unmarried adolescents and young adults, especially the school-going ones. This study uses the main constructs of the Health Belief Model (HBM), as the theoretical framework to investigate the psychosocial predictors of sexual abstinence among senior secondary school students in an urban setting in the Southwest region of Cameroon

AB Initio (DFT) and Vibrational Studies of the Synthesized Heterocyclic Compound 2-6-oxo-2-Thioxotetrahydropyrimidin-41H-Ylidene Hydrazine Carbothioamide

Abstract:

The structure of the newly synthesized hydrazone derivative 2 - 6 – oxo - 2-thioxotetrahydropyrimidin – 4 1H - ylidene hydrazine carbothioamide (OTTHPYHCT)compound is determined by using spectral information and elemental study. Density functional theory (DFT) studies were performed using the B3LYP/6-31G (d, p) basis set to expand imminent into their structural properties. Frontier molecular orbital (FMO’s) analysis of title compoundwas computed at the same level of theory to get knowledge about their kinetic stability of the molecule by the energy gap value obtained. Global reactivity descriptors are determined to explain the biological activity of the molecule. NBO analysis provides information about charge transfer, delocalization effect, hyperconjugative interactions and the energy responsible for the stabilization of the compound. First hyperpolarizability analysis nonlinear optical response was simulated at the B3LYP/6-31G d, p level of theory as well....

Flapless Root Resection of Both Maxillary First Molars’ Distobuccal Root: Case Report

Abstract:

Furcation involvement is characterized by periodontal disease invading furcation regions of multi-rooted teeth. Treatment modalities are scaling and root planning and surgical management such as osteoplasty or ostectomy, odontoplasty, bicuspidization, root resection and hemisection. Periodontally compromised maxillary molars generally have poor prognosis because of inter radicular loss of attachment, and difficulty in access and treatment. Root resection is procedure by which one or more of the roots of a tooth are removed at level of furcation while leaving crown and the remaining roots in function.

Mental Health Promotion for the ‘In-Betweeners’: The Rationale and Effectiveness of Community-Based Mentoring and Coaching Schemes for Primary School-Aged Children.

Abstract:

There are relatively few research publications of mental health promotion initiatives for primary school aged children that are based in community rather than educational settings.

Regulation of Expression of Reactive Oxygen Intermediates During Plasmodium Infection to Reduce Immunopathology Provides a Possible Antioxidant Adjuvant to Enhance Anti-Malarial Drug Therapy

Abstract:

Malaria is a mosquito-transmitted infectious disease caused by intracellular protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium. In the absence of prompt and appropriate treatment contraction of primary infection by a human being often represents a medical emergency since it may progress rapidly to life-threatening complications. Exposure to parasites activates the immune system resulting in, among other effects, the release of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI). This has the potential to induce oxidative damage, thereby causing cellular destruction, and hence to have a severe effect on vital organs of the body. Overexpression of ROI leads to immunosuppression and is a causal factor in the development of malaria-related disease symptoms. However, the body possesses various defence mechanisms, notably including the production of antioxidants, which are capable of reducing the cellular effects of ROI. Antioxidants are either sourced exogenously from the diet or synthesize...

In Vitro Activity of Iclaprim Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nonsusceptible to Daptomycin, Linezolid or Vancomycin

Abstract:

Iclaprim is a novel bacterial dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor in Phase 3 clinical development for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections and hospital acquired bacterial pneumonia caused by Gram-positve bacteria. Daptomycin, linezolid and vancomycin are commonly used antibiotic for these indications. With increase selective pressure to these generic antibiotics, outbreaks of bacterial resistance to these antibiotics have been reported. This in vitro study evaluated the activity of iclaprim against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates, which were also not susceptible to daptomycin, linezolid or vancomycin. Iclaprim had an MIC ≤1 µg/ml to the majority of MRSA isolates that were nonsusceptible to daptomycin (5 of 7 ^71.4%), linezolid (26 of 26 ^100%), or vancomycin (19 of 28 ^66.7%). In time-kill curves analyses, iclaprim demonstrated ≥3 log10 reduction in CFU/mL at 4-8 hours f...

A Model for Identifying Actionable Findings on Computed Tomography in Crohn’s Disease Patients in the Emergency Department

Abstract:

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) frequently visit the emergency department (ED). The use of cputed tomography (CT) scans in this population has drastically increased in recent years and may confer an increased risk of malignancy. Records were obtained for IBD patients aged 18 or older who visited our institutional ED with a gastrointestinal chief complaint and who had a CT scan ordered by an ED physician. A predictive model for identifying a clinically actionable finding (CAF) on CT scan was created using logistic regression carried out on a predetermined set of variables. Data were available on 156 Crohn’s disease (CD) patients contributing 350 visits and 63 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients contributing 114 total visits. CAF was identified at 108/350 (30.9%) of visits in CD patients and 33/114 (29.0%) of visits in UC patients. History of CAF (OR 11.6, CI 4.54-29.6) and a platelet count above 400,000/mL (OR 3.42, CI 1.56-7.50) were the strongest p...

The antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of two tea polysaccharides

Abstract:

In the present study, we investigated the chemical compositions, in vitro antioxidant and in vivo hepatoprotective activities of two tea polysaccharides (TPS), which were extracted from two different tea cultivars, Yingshuang (Camellia Senesis, T01) and Yunnan Dayezhong (Camellia Senesis, T09). Compared with T09-TPS, T01-TPS had lower contents of neutral sugar, protein, uronic acid and polyphenol. However, T01-TPS showed stronger scavenging abilities for transient free radicals of hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion radicals and lipid peroxidation inhibition effect, but weaker scavenging ability for stable free radical of DPPH. For hepatoprotective activity in vivo, the results demonstrated that both T01-TPS and T09-TPS could significantly prevent the increase of serum alanine aminotransferase and, aspartate aminotransferase levels, decrease the liver index, reduce the formation of malonydialdehyde and enhance the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione ...

Turnover of Registered Nurses in Israeli Hospitals: A Secondary Analysis from a National Survey

Abstract:

To assess the extent and directions of internal hospital turnover of registered nurses and to examine the associated factors and stressors.